A patient displaying extreme fear of x-ray radiation leading to avoidance of tests is likely suffering from which condition?

The correct choice is phobic neurosis, which is identified by an intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation— in this case, the fear of x-ray radiation. This condition often leads to significant avoidance behaviors, wherein the individual goes to great lengths to steer clear of encounters with the phobic stimulus, which, in this instance, is the x-ray procedure due to the fear of radiation exposure.

Phobic neurosis is characterized by a clear and identifiable trigger that elicits extreme anxiety responses. The focus on a specific fear—such as the radiation from x-rays—places it firmly within the realm of phobias. Individuals with phobias often realize that their fear is excessive or irrational, yet this awareness does not diminish their anxiety or avoidance behaviors.

In contrast, generalized anxiety disorder is marked by persistent and excessive worry across multiple situations, rather than a focused fear of a particular object or circumstance. Panic disorder involves recurrent panic attacks and anxiety about having more attacks, not specifically tied to a single identifiable fear. Obsessive-compulsive disorder centers around intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors aimed at alleviating the distress from those obsessions, which does not align with the patient's specific avoidance of x-rays based on fear of radiation.