In a patient with acute anxiety, which physiological manifestation is commonly observed?

In cases of acute anxiety, shortness of breath is a common physiological manifestation. This symptom is often a result of hyperventilation or the body's fight-or-flight response, which triggers an increase in respiratory rate to supply more oxygen in situations perceived as threatening or overwhelming. As the individual experiences anxiety, the sympathetic nervous system activates, leading to various physiological changes, including tachypnea (rapid breathing) and the sensation of having difficulty breathing, which is commonly referred to as shortness of breath.

Other options describe less typical responses to acute anxiety. For example, hypertension can occur but may not be as universally present as breathing difficulties in anxiety disorders. Cardiac arrest, while a critical medical emergency, is not a typical manifestation associated with acute anxiety and is more relevant in life-threatening situations. Severe hypotension is also unlikely, as anxiety generally leads to increased blood pressure rather than a decrease. Thus, shortness of breath accurately reflects a common response during episodes of acute anxiety, aligning with the physiological changes associated with this emotional state.