Low birth weight in neonates is most commonly associated with which maternal behavior?

Low birth weight in neonates is most commonly associated with smoking during pregnancy. Maternal smoking has been extensively studied and linked to a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birth weight. The chemicals in tobacco smoke can restrict fetal growth and lead to various complications, resulting in babies being born weighing less than the typical weight range.

Heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy can also negatively affect fetal growth and result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, but its direct association with low birth weight is not as pronounced as that of smoking. Lack of prenatal vitamins and high caffeine intake can have health implications but are not the primary associated behaviors leading to low birth weight.

Understanding the significant risks associated with smoking during pregnancy can help in formulating public health strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of low birth weight and promoting healthier outcomes for both mothers and their babies.