What best describes the mechanism of action for SSRIs in treating panic disorders?

The mechanism of action for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in treating panic disorders primarily involves increasing serotonin levels in the synaptic cleft. SSRIs work by selectively blocking the reuptake of serotonin by neurons, which leads to an accumulation of serotonin in the synaptic cleft. This increase in serotonin availability enhances its action on postsynaptic receptors, contributing to improved mood, reduced anxiety, and alleviation of panic symptoms.

In the context of panic disorders, effective serotonin signaling is thought to regulate mood and anxiety responses. By boosting serotonin levels, SSRIs help to stabilize emotional states and mitigate the symptoms associated with panic, such as sudden feelings of intense fear and physiological responses like increased heart rate.

Other mechanisms, such as the release of dopamine or inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake, are not the primary function of SSRIs, and blocking GABA receptors would actually have the opposite effect needed for treatment, as GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps to calm neuronal excitability. Understanding the specific role of serotonin provides insight into why SSRIs are often first-line treatments for anxiety and panic disorders.