What effect from cigarette smoking contributes significantly to atherogenesis?

Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the process of atherogenesis, which is the development of atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries. Cigarette smoking introduces a variety of harmful substances into the body that lead to endothelial injury, promoting an inflammatory response. This inflammation is characterized by the activation of immune cells and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to the dysfunction of endothelial cells and the accumulation of lipids in the arterial wall. Over time, this process leads to the formation of plaques, narrowing the arteries and increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

While increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and reduced oxygen supply are also effects of cigarette smoking that can contribute to cardiovascular issues, they do not specifically drive the atherogenic process in the same way that chronic inflammation does. High blood pressure might contribute to arterial damage, and elevated heart rate can place additional strain on the cardiovascular system, but the underlying mechanism of plaque formation and atherosclerosis is closely linked to the persistent inflammatory state induced by smoking. Thus, the inflammatory response is a central factor in the progression of atherosclerosis.