Which class of medications is considered the first-line treatment for long-term management of panic disorders?

The first-line treatment for the long-term management of panic disorders is SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors). SSRIs are widely used due to their efficacy in reducing panic attack frequency and severity, as well as their relatively favorable side effect profile compared to other classes of medications. They work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which can help improve mood and anxiety symptoms.

Studies have consistently shown that SSRIs are more effective than many other medications for treating panic disorder. They not only address the acute symptoms of anxiety that occur during panic attacks but also help prevent future episodes, making them ideal for long-term management.

While beta-blockers may provide temporary relief for the physical symptoms of anxiety (such as palpitations), they do not address the underlying psychological components of panic disorder. Tricyclic antidepressants, though effective, are often not the first choice due to their potential for more severe side effects compared to SSRIs. Similarly, MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors) are less commonly used as a first-line treatment due to dietary restrictions and side effects. Therefore, SSRIs are clearly established as the preferred initial treatment for long-term management of panic disorders.